Summary
No. Ibn al-Jazarī did not create or originate the Ten Qirāʾāt. The Ten Qirāʾāt are recognised and transmitted traditions of reciting the one Qur’an, and their transmission predates Ibn al-Jazarī by centuries. Earlier scholars, including Imām al-Baghawī, had already cited several of these recitations. Ibn al-Jazarī’s major contribution was to document, systematise and preserve an inherited scholarly tradition, not to introduce new versions of the Qur’an.
Answer
There is only one Qur’an. The Ten Qirāʾāt do not mean ten Qur’ans, ten editions, or ten competing ‘versions’ of the Qur’an.
A Qirāʾah is a recognised and transmitted tradition for reciting the one revealed Qur’an.
The differences found within the Qirāʾāt, whether in pronunciation, vocalisation, or, in limited cases, wording, are themselves part of the received transmission of the Qur’an.
They are not later alterations or different Qur’ans.
So when scholars speak about the Ten Qirāʾāt, ‘ten’ refers to ten recognised traditions of recitation and transmission, not ten versions of the Book of Allah.
With that clarification, the claim that Imām Ibn al-Jazarī (d. 833 AH) was the first to ‘canonise’ the Ten Qirāʾāt, or that he simply added the three Qirāʾāt of Abū Jaʿfar, Yaʿqūb, and Khalaf to the famous Seven, is misleading.
1) These recitations did not originate with Ibn al-Jazarī. They had been transmitted and recited amongst the qurrāʾ long before his lifetime. Ibn al-Jazarī was documenting and systematising an inherited tradition, not creating new recitations or adding new ‘versions’ of the Qur’an.
2) A clear example predating Ibn al-Jazarī by centuries is Imām al-Baghawī (d. 516 AH). In his Tafsīr, al-Baghawī cites the recitations of nine of the Ten Imāms: the famous Seven, together with Abū Jaʿfar and Yaʿqūb. This was more than three centuries before the death of Ibn al-Jazarī.
3) What about Khalaf, the tenth Imām? His absence from al-Baghawī’s selection should not be taken to mean that his recitation was invented or first accepted centuries later. Ibn al-Jazarī explained that Khalaf’s independent Qirāʾah does not depart from the recitations transmitted through the Kūfan reciters.
So the historical discussion about the ‘Seven’ and the ‘Ten’ should never be confused with a discussion about how many Qur’ans Muslims had.
The Qur’an is one. The Qirāʾāt are its authentically transmitted recitations.
Ibn al-Jazarī did not create three additional Qur’ans, nor did he suddenly introduce three new versions of the Qur’an. He inherited, documented, and systematised recitational traditions that had already been transmitted by the scholars of Qur’anic recitation generations before him.